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Visual agnosias and related disorders: beyond Lissauer
A. García-Molina, J. Peña-Casanova
Neurosciences and History 2022;10(1): 32-45
Type of article: REVIEW
AUTHORS
A. García-Molina1,2,3, J. Peña-Casanova4,5
1Institut Guttmann. Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Spain.
2Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
3Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
4Behavioural neurology research group. Fundación Institut Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (FIMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
5Psychiatric and Legal Medicine Department. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
ABSTRACT
Introducction. In 1878, Hermann Munk associated visual processing with the occipital cortex. Twelve years later, Heinrich Lissauer proposed a stage model of object recognition, constituting the basis for the study of visual recognition disorders.
Development. This article describes the development of the study of visual recognition disorders, focusing on four main concepts: 1) Seelenblindheit (mind-blindness) and Lissauer’s stage model; 2) visual perception as a multicomponent cerebral process, whose alteration causes specific symptoms (eg, shape agnosia, central achromatopsia, prosopagnosia, simultanagnosia, and akinetopsia); 3) cognitive neuropsychology and object constancy; and 4) dual visual processing (dorsal and ventral streams).
Conclusions. In clinical practice, Lissauer’ s stage model is the most widely used reference framework for the classification of visual agnosia. Contributions made from different scientific disciplines over the 20th century have opened new paths to understand the complexity of disorders of visual recognition, beyond Lissauer.
KEYWORDS
Agnosia, perception, vision, occipital lobe, ventral stream, dorsal stream
Neurosciences and History 2022;10(1): 32-45
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