The school of Wernicke
A. García-Molina, J. Peña-Casanova
Neurosciences and History 2022;10(4):178-185
Type of article: REVIEW
AUTHORS
A. García-Molina1,2,3, J. Peña-Casanova4,5
1Institut Guttmann. Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació (UAB), Badalona, Spain.
2Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
3Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
4Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group. Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
5Psychiatric and Legal Medicine Department. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Carl Wernicke (1848-1905) was the master and mentor of numerous physicians interested in human behaviour from an organicist perspective, initially as the director of the Breslau Psychiatric Clinic and later of the Psychiatry and Neurology Clinic of the University of Halle. This study aims to identify Wernicke’s most relevant disciples and describe their scientific and medical contributions.
Development. The article describes the main members of Wernicke’ s school: Karl Freund (1862-1932), Heinrich Lissauer (1861-1891), Heinrich Sachs (1863-1928), Ludwig Mann (1866-1936), Karl Bonhoeffer (1868-1948), Hugo Liepmann (1863-1925), Karl Heilbronner (1869-1914), Otfrid Foerster (1873-1941), Kurt Goldstein (1878-1965), and Karl Kleist (1879-1960).
Conclusions. Wernicke’s scientific interests, halfway between neurology and psychiatry, influenced the fields studied by his disciples. Freund, Lissauer, Liepmann, and Heilbronner developed connectionist models of the brain to explain agnosia, apraxia, and aphasia. Sachs and Foerster studied the anatomy of the brain, while Bonhoeffer and Kleist dedicated their work to psychiatry.
KEYWORDS
Carl Wernicke, neurology, neuroanatomy, psychiatry, connectionist model, mental illness
Neurosciences and History 2022;10(4):178-185
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